Genetics, Mental Health And The Gut-Brain Connection

10minute read -
Published 2 years ago

Posted By Nurse Andi

There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that there is a connection between gut health and mental health. The gut is home to trillions of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiome, which plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and well-being. Studies have shown that changes in the gut microbiome can have a significant impact on mental health and that certain disorders, such as depression and anxiety, may be linked to an imbalance in the gut microbiome. We also know there are multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that enhance or hinder gut-brain connections.

One theory is that the gut and brain communicate through the gut-brain axis, which is a complex network of neural, hormonal, and immune pathways. The gut produces and releases a variety of neurotransmitters, including serotonin, which is known to play a key role in regulating mood and emotions. Additionally, the gut also produces other feel-good chemicals, such as dopamine and GABA, which are also important for maintaining mental health.

Moreover, the gut microbiome also plays a role in regulating the immune system, which has a direct effect on the brain. Inflammation in the gut can lead to inflammation in the brain and contributes to mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD.

It is important to note that more research is needed to fully understand the gut-brain connection and how it impacts mental health. However, a healthy gut is critical for overall well-being, including mental health.

Genetics

Genetics can play a role in both gut health and mental health, and certain genetic variants (there are many more than the few examples listed here) have been found to be associated with specific conditions.

MTHFR* (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) is an enzyme that plays a critical role in the metabolism of folate and homocysteine. Variations in the MTHFR gene have been linked to an increased risk of depression, anxiety and other mental health conditions, as well as gut-related issues such as inflammatory bowel disease.
FUT2* (fucosyltransferase 2) is an enzyme that regulates the production of certain sugars on the surface of cells in the gut. Variations in the FUT2 gene have been linked to an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease and other gut-related conditions.
IL-6* (interleukin-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a role in the immune response. Variations in the IL-6 gene have been linked to an increased risk of depression and other mental health conditions.

It’s important to note that these genetic variants are just a small part of the complex interplay of factors that contribute to gut and mental health. Diet, lifestyle, and environment also play a significant role in the development of these conditions.

Disruption of the gut-brain axis

There are several factors that can disrupt the balance of the gut microbiome and negatively impact both gut and mental health. Here are some of the most common culprits:

Antibiotics: Antibiotics are designed to kill bacteria, including the beneficial bacteria in the gut. Overuse or prolonged use of antibiotics can lead to an imbalance in the gut microbiome, which can contribute to a range of health problems, including mental health conditions.
Diet: A diet high in processed foods, sugar, and saturated fats can disrupt the balance of the gut microbiome and contribute to inflammation, which in turn can negatively impact mental health.
Stress: Chronic stress can disrupt the balance of the gut microbiome and contribute to inflammation, which in turn can negatively impact mental health. Stress also affects the gut-brain axis, which is a complex network of neural, hormonal and immune pathways that connect the gut and the brain.
Certain health conditions: Some health conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and food allergies, can disrupt the balance of the gut microbiome and negatively impact both gut and mental health.
Other causes: Certain medications, such as birth control pills, and environmental toxins can also disrupt the balance of the gut microbiome and negatively impact mental health.

It’s important to note that the gut-brain connection is complex and multifactorial, and the cause-and-effect relationship between gut health and mental health is not fully understood. Therefore, it’s important to work with a healthcare professional to develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Probiotics and prebiotics have been shown to have a positive impact on gut health, and there is increasing evidence that they may also have a positive impact on mental health. Probiotics are live microorganisms that are similar to the beneficial bacteria found in the gut, and prebiotics are non-digestible carbohydrates that stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut.

Probiotics have been shown to improve symptoms of anxiety, depression, and other mental health conditions by regulating the gut-brain axis and modulating the immune system. They also help to maintain a healthy balance of gut microbiome, which is important for overall health and well-being.

Prebiotics also have a positive impact on mental health by feeding the beneficial bacteria in the gut, which in turn produces beneficial compounds such as short-chain fatty acids, which can reduce inflammation and improve mood.

However, it’s important to note that more research is needed to fully understand the relationship between probiotics, prebiotics, and mental health. It’s also important to consult with a healthcare professional before taking any probiotics or prebiotics supplements.

As for specific probiotics, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are two of the most well-studied strains for their positive impact on gut and mental health. Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium longum have been shown to have a positive impact on symptoms of anxiety and depression. However, it’s important to note that not all probiotics are created equal, and the effectiveness of a probiotic may depend on the specific strain, dose, and individual person.

Precision genetic custom compounded supplements from SNiP Nutrigenomics contain prebiotics as well as digestive enzymes and are personalized supplements that are tailored to an individual’s specific genetic makeup. They are designed to address specific genetic variations that may be associated with nutrient deficiencies, increased risk of certain health conditions, or other health concerns.

The benefits of precision genetic custom compounded supplements include:

Tailored to individual needs: By taking into account an individual’s specific genetic variations, supplements are tailored to address specific nutrient deficiencies or health concerns.
Increased effectiveness: By addressing specific genetic variations, precision genetic custom compounded supplements may be more effective in addressing health concerns than a “one-size-fits-all” approach.
Reduced risk of side effects: By addressing specific genetic variations, precision genetic custom compounded supplements may be less likely to cause side effects or interactions with other medications.
A better understanding of health: By identifying specific genetic variations, precision genetic custom compounded supplements can help individuals to better understand their health and how to optimize it.

It’s important to note that precision genetic custom compounded supplements should be used in conjunction with other preventive measures such as a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and consulting with a healthcare professional.

Refined sugar

Eating too much refined sugar can have a negative impact on gut health by disrupting the balance of the gut microbiome. Refined sugar is a type of added sugar that is often found in processed foods and drinks. It is a simple carbohydrate that is easily absorbed and digested, leading to a rapid increase in blood sugar levels. (Those with FTO* and FUT2* single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be even more susceptible to this)

When we eat a lot of sugar, the beneficial bacteria in the gut struggle to compete with the harmful bacteria for the sugar, which can lead to an overgrowth of harmful bacteria and a disruption of the gut microbiome. This can lead to inflammation in the gut and an increased risk of certain gut-related conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Moreover, consuming a diet high in sugar can also lead to an increase in the production of harmful compounds such as endotoxins, which can contribute to inflammation and have negative effects on the gut-brain axis. This can result in cognitive and mood disorders. (Especially for those with GSTP1 and EPHX1 SNP mutations)

Additionally, consuming a diet high in sugar can also lead to metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity, and heart disease. These conditions are also associated with gut dysbiosis.

It is important to note that while consuming some refined sugar in moderation is not necessarily harmful, consuming too much can have negative effects on gut health and overall health. It is recommended to limit the intake of added sugars and to consume a diet high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and other nutrient-dense foods.

Artificial colors and additives are chemicals

Artificial colors and additives are chemicals that are added to food and drinks to enhance their appearance, flavor, or texture. Some studies have suggested that these chemicals may have a negative impact on gut health.

Artificial colors have been linked to an increased risk of certain gut-related conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Some artificial colors have also been shown to be carcinogenic and to cause allergic reactions.

Artificial additives, such as emulsifiers, can also negatively impact gut health by altering the gut microbiome. Emulsifiers are added to food to improve texture and stability, but they have been shown to disrupt the gut microbiome by increasing the permeability of the gut and allowing harmful compounds to enter the bloodstream. This can lead to inflammation and an increased risk of certain gut-related conditions.

Additionally, Artificial sweeteners have been shown to cause changes in the gut microbiome, leading to an overgrowth of harmful bacteria, inflammation, and an increased risk of certain gut-related conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.

It is important to note that more research is needed to fully understand the impact of artificial colors and additives on gut health, and it is always recommended to limit the intake of processed foods and drinks. It is also important to read the ingredient lists on food labels to identify and avoid artificial colors and additives. Consulting with a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian can be helpful in developing a healthy diet that is tailored to your individual needs.

There are several dietary changes that can help to improve gut health and mental well-being, here are a few examples:

Fiber: Eating a diet high in fiber can help to feed the beneficial bacteria in the gut, which can help to maintain a healthy balance of the gut microbiome. Good sources of fiber include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes.
Fermented foods: Fermented foods, such as yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, and kimchi, contain live cultures of beneficial bacteria that can help to improve the balance of the gut Probiotic-rich foods: Probiotic-rich foods, such as kimchi, kombucha, and miso, can help to improve the balance of the gut microbiome and have a positive impact on mental health.
Omega-3 fatty acids: Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties that can help to reduce inflammation in the gut and improve gut health. Good sources of omega-3 fatty acids include fatty fish, such as salmon and sardines, chia seeds, and flaxseeds.
Drinking water: Staying hydrated is essential for overall health, including gut health. Drinking enough water can help to flush out toxins and keep the digestive system running smoothly.
Limiting caffeine intake ( for those with CYP11B2* SNP) : Caffeine can be dehydrating and may affect the gut microbiome. Limiting or avoiding caffeine may help to improve gut health and mental well-being.

It’s important to note that everyone’s dietary needs are different and it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian to develop a diet that is tailored to your individual needs and health microbiome.

The relationship between gut health and mental health is complex and bidirectional, meaning that it can go both ways. Improving gut health can have a positive impact on mental well-being, and conversely, improving mental well-being can also have a positive impact on gut health.

For example, practicing meditation and mindfulness can help to reduce stress and improve overall well-being, which in turn can help to reduce inflammation in the gut and improve gut health. Similarly, developing a healthy movement practice, such as regular exercise, can also help to improve mental well-being and reduce inflammation in the gut.

Additionally, developing healthy emotional regulation, as well as maintaining a positive and optimistic attitude, can also be beneficial for gut health.

It’s important to note that the gut-brain connection is complex and multifactorial and that a holistic approach that addresses both physical and mental well-being is recommended for optimal gut and overall health. Consult with a healthcare professional to develop an appropriate treatment plan that addresses both your physical and mental well-being.